Business Management Qantas Airways Limited

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Managementfor Qantas Airways Limited. Answer: Introduction The following assignment presents the concept on industrial conflict considering the selected organization Qantas Airways Limited. Conflict is a situation of disagreements in the beliefs and actions among two or more individuals or within the group members of the organization. Accordingly, industrial conflict arises between the employees and management of the organization with respect to the employment relationship considering the different aspects (Todd 2015). The assignment covers the application of relevant models and theories for the purpose of industrial conflict at Qantas among the organizational management employees. It highlights the organizational background by considering the issues on salaries, leadership and teamwork between the employees and management. Additionally, the issues on conflict management have been discussed by applying Lewin theory and Stage theory. Discussion Qantas Airways Limited is one of the largest airlines by the size of fleet as well as the third oldest organization in the airline sector across the world. Having its headquarters at Mascot, Australia with the fleet size of around 118 and revenues amounted to $15.8 billion in the recent financial year. The organization reported its operating income amounted to $975 million while the total assets amounted to $17.5 billion and the number of employees around 28,622 in the current year. However it was noted that the organization experienced an industrial dispute during the year 2011 between the company and number of trade unions which was commenced at the end of the year 2010. The issue was raised for the agreements of enterprise with the intention of launching its diversified airline in the region of Asia (Qantas.com 2016). Industrial conflict is a phrase that explains the expressions of disagreement among the employee- management relationship considering the contract or agreements of the employment. Conflict or disagreements at industrial level can be categorized into two classes known as informal and formal. Informal conflict on industry is said to be directly related in the context of employee grievance in an expressive manner that relates to negligence, absenteeism, frequent change of job and such other actions (Roche 2015). On the contrary, formal conflict happens through trade- union or through any employee representative in a strategic manner that results in strike and lockouts. However, Mac Ginty and Firchow (2016) argued that the conflict circumstances generate a form of competition among the employees and management within the organization assist in improving the overall performance standard of the organization. Whereas, Jess, Woodall and McFarlane (2015) stated that the negative impact of ind ustrial conflict situation forms troubled situation in the internal organization which affects the growth and sustainability. As mentioned, Qantas one of the largest airline organizations faced several consequences of industrial conflict during the year 2011. It resulted in employers lockout, intervention of ministry as well as orders from Australian Fair Works. Such industrial conflicts resulted in suspension of operations of the aircraft that were ready to take off and even the continued flights were made stop to the next destination. It was observed that the conflict affected around 68,000 to 80,000 clients on the very first day due to the cancellation of 600 flights including the cost of airlines exceeding $20 million for each day. Further, Australian Fair Works contended that the actions on industrial dispute between the management and trade union should be terminated with regard to the damage in the tourism and other sectors (Qantas.com 2016). For better understanding and resolving the conflicts at industrial level a theory by Lewin has been developed based on 3- stage model. First stage of the theory in the change of management is known as Unfreeze that involves the acceptance of necessary changes. This stage incorporates a breakdown of existing status in the conflict before the creation of new and developed ways to operate the business activities. In order to form a successful organization, the management is required to challenge the existing business beliefs, values and actions (Dyer and Song 2015). In case of industrial conflict at Qatar, the existing disagreements between trade unions and management required to be analyzed and challenged to make the necessary changes for the betterment of both the organization and employees. In the first of the procedure of change, existing activities are difficult to mould therefore, the management of Qantas was should apply the process of unfreeze by re- examining its employment pol icies for the benefit of the organization as well as the workers. Next stage of the theory is Change where individuals or disputing parties start resolving the existing uncertainties by taking and considering new means in the activities. It involves the formation of new direction and participation of members in the process of change (Lehr, Akkerman and Torenvlied 2015). It is essential to understand the benefit of change for employees and company by involving the communication and exchange of necessary information. Considering the conflict at Qantas, it can be said that the trade union members and management should engage in the process of communication and discussion about the changes in the employment policy. The third stage of the theory known as Refreeze which involves formation of change and new working ways among the conflicting parties. It creates stabilization and consistency in the employment relationship that are to be incorporated in the business activities. Accordingly, the conflicts on lockouts or strikes at Qantas should be resolved by way of communication between laborers and management (Cox 2015). Thomas Kilmanns model is developed to analyze and manage the industrial conflict through different stages over the time. The theory has been based on certain assumptions where each stage places formation for the next one and all the individuals go through those stages in the similar way. There are five ways to manage the conflicts between management and employees in the industry by following different approach i.e. collaborative, compromising, accommodating, competing and avoiding approach. Collaborative approach requires to consider the ideas and opinions of all employees at the same situation and time giving the equivalent importance to each workers by the management (Leon-Perez et al. 2015). Compromising approach is a stage where a decision on conflict matter is partially acceptable which requires some compromise in the interests of employees. On the contrary, accommodation approach requires primary focus on resolving the conflicting situation even when the management fails to sol ve the conflict in a regular manner. Competing approach of organizational conflict management sticks to a specific decision to resolve the issues that requires the use of knowledge on the business actions on part of the management. The last stage of the model known as avoiding approach, which involves organizational management denies to consider any specific decision in solving the conflict issues. It was argued by Montada (2015) that the avoiding approaches to manage industrial conflict is very critical and effective at the specific time while the quality of result not significant. In order to resolve the industrial conflict at Qantas, the management could consider the approaches developed by Thomas Kilmann. Analyzing the conflict of the company during 2011, three primary approaches of the model can be applied to resolve the Qantas issue. These are collaborative approach, competitive approach and compromising approach. As the issue was among trade unions and organizational management that resulted in lockouts and strikes, the appropriate approach would be compromising approach. The organizational management developed the employment policies in order to perform the business activities in a systematic manner. However, due to the stringent policies employees lost their interest in performing the business activities which created the friction. Hence, compromising approach could be used to by the organization to avoid the misunderstanding and compromising the interests of both the employees and management (Ellegaard and Andersen 2015). It would assist in satisfying the interest of both the disputing parties either partially or completely as well as by implementing the new policies. The critical situation in the organization occurred during the declaration of lockouts and disruption of aircrafts from operation. Hence, to manage this conflict among the organizational management and employees the organization can implement competitive approach since it involves the execution of decision by any means. Additionally, organization can use the collaborative approach that helps in appropriate solution of the industrial conflict in various aspects that allow both the parties to state their views (Perdue 2015). Conclusion Considering the above discussion it can be concluded that industrial conflict occurs in the organization when there are disagreements in actions and thoughts between the individuals or groups. The assignment covered the industrial conflict at Qantas which occurred during the year 2011 between trade unions and organizational management affecting the overall business performance. Further, it has been noticed that the industrial conflict at Qantas affected the performance standard as well as resulted in huge loss from operation during the period. Accordingly, the study covered different theories and models to present the understanding of conflict management that are Lewin theory and Thomas Kilmann model. Identification of the conflict situation at Qantas and appropriate ways to resolve the situations has been made by applying the concept of selected theories. Evaluating the level and nature of conflicts and friction in the organization compromising, collaborative and competitive approac h could be used to resolve the issues. Reference List Cox, A., 2015. The pressure of wildcat strikes on the transformation of industrial relations in a developing country: The case of the garment and textile industry in Vietnam.Journal of Industrial Relations,57(2), pp.271-290. Dyer, B. and Song, X.M., 2015. The relationship between strategy and conflict management: A Japanese perspective. InProceedings of the 1995 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 126-132). Springer International Publishing. Ellegaard, C. and Andersen, P.H., 2015. The process of resolving severe conflict in buyersupplier relationships.Scandinavian Journal of Management,31(4), pp.457-470. Jess, T., Woodall, P. and McFarlane, D., 2015, July. Overcoming limited dataset availability when working with industrial organisations. In2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)(pp. 826-831). IEEE. Lehr, A., Akkerman, A. and Torenvlied, R., 2015. Spillover and conflict in collective bargaining: evidence from a survey of Dutch union and firm negotiators.Work, Employment Society,29(4), pp.641-660. Leon-Perez, J.M., Medina, F.J., Arenas, A. and Munduate, L., 2015. The relationship between interpersonal conflict and workplace bullying.Journal of Managerial Psychology,30(3), pp.250-263. Mac Ginty, R. and Firchow, P., 2016. Top-down and bottom-up narratives of peace and conflict.Politics, p.0263395715622967. Montada, L., 2015. Justice, conflicts, and the justice of conflict resolution.Distributive and procedural justice, p.255. Perdue, B.C., 2015. A Model of Industrial Buyer-Seller Negotiations. InProceedings of the 1985 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 252-255). Springer International Publishing. Qantas.com. 2016. Flights to Australia | Australia travel | Qantas. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/home/in/en [Accessed 23 Oct. 2016]. Roche, W.K., 2015. The emergence of a dual system of dispute resolution: private facilitators in Irish industrial relations.Industrial Relations Journal,46(4), pp.293-311. Todd, P., 2015. Introduction: Australian industrial relations in 2014.Journal of Industrial Relations,57(3), pp.325-332.

The Leveraged Buyout of Rjr Nabisco Essay Example

The Leveraged Buyout of Rjr Nabisco Paper The Leveraged Buyout of RJR Nabisco In 1988, a war was launched for the control of RJR Nabisco. It ended at the end of the year when KKR won the bidding war with a $ 109 per share offer and took RJR Nabisco private. Before the details of the leveraged buyout (LBO) are discussed, it is important to understand what made RJR Nabisco so attractive. RJR Nabisco was a conglomerate company that was involved in mainly two industries. It had divisions in the tobacco and food industries. In the tobacco division, RJR was the manufacturer of some very successful cigarettes. It also had some very popular brands in its food division such as the Oreo. Before the leveraged buyout war began, the company was not performing as well as it was expected to. Furthermore, according to the movie, â€Å"Barbarians at the gate†, RJR was supposed to launch a new type of smokeless cigarette. However, focus groups had demonstrated that the product was less than desirable. In addition, they had already spent more than $ 350M in research and development for this product. The management team was anticipating that the market would react negatively on the company’s stock price after the launch of the cigarette. Due to the fact that, Ross Johnson, the CEO of RJR Nabisco and other executives had access to information that the market had not yet received, they sought to evade the market reaction by taking the company private. By going private, the management could gain more freedo m on the control of the company without being pressured by shareholders. We will write a custom essay sample on The Leveraged Buyout of Rjr Nabisco specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Leveraged Buyout of Rjr Nabisco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Leveraged Buyout of Rjr Nabisco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, they did not have to be concerned about the stock price and could concentrate on the firm’s operations. Amongst the different strategies that they could have used, RJR was a perfect candidate for a LBO. First off, RJR had a stable cash flow from its divisions which was also sheltered from business cycles. 3 They also had low capital expenditures and debt and a lot of unused debt capacity. 3 Furthermore, using more debt would provide tax shields. 3 For these reasons, RJR Nabisco was very attractive for a LBO because it could mainly use its operating cash flows to pay down its debt.

Polygraph Testing

Polygraph Testing A polygraph test sometimes known as a ‘lie detector test’ is an examination procedure used to detect lies. This test is done using a machine known as a polygraph. It registers the body’s involuntary responses to an interrogator’s questions. This in turn ascertains the deceptive behavior of the individual being examined (Kozel, Padgett George, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Polygraph Testing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Usually, the polygraph test assesses three parts of a human beings system. A forensic Psych physiologist usually analyses several moving lines from a computer, which shows the behavior of the body responses. These lines always differ depending on the emotional reaction of the individual to the questions. Polygraphs are commonly used in criminal investigations, but nowadays government bodies as well as organizations use polygraphs on their potential emplo yees. The first lie detector was invented in 1917 by William M. Marston. In 1923, the struggle to reveal verbal deception through observation on systolic blood pressure was stopped by courts. The D.C court of appeals stated that Marston’s lie detector machine did not give sufficient scientific support. Marston’s invention shed light to the invention of a more advanced polygraph in 1921 by John Augustus Larson. However, this medical student from the University of California got a helping hand from a police officer who was based in Berkeley Police Department in California. Since that time many devices have been made. An example is Berkeley Psychograph which is a blood pressure recorder that was made by C.D Lee later in 1936 and the Darrow Behavior Research photograph developed in 1941. John Reid came up with a device in 1945. It documented any energetic activity. My Opinion The fundamental idea of using the polygraph is to detect lies. This ideology is feasible since whe n someone is cheating, there is always a tendency to become measurably nervous. It has been argued that polygraphs are reliable if well-trained polygraph examiners are used to carry out the procedure. This is because a highly trained polygraph examiner is an expert in both interrogation and technical operation. These qualifications together with experience enable the polygraph examiner to detect the truthfulness of an individual. A recent survey carried in Michigan State, showed that a great number of agencies using polygraphs support its use since it discloses information that cannot be got by any other methods. The survey also shows that background information can be established easily when polygraphs are used to examine individuals and these therefore deters undesirable interviewees. Additionally, the survey also shows that it is a quicker means of selection. Polygraph testing has however been criticized by many people in U.S.A. This makes polygraph testing a controversial matter between the government agencies and the public. Several human rights societies among other institutions argue that polygraph testing can be a source of tremendous anxiety.Advertising Looking for research paper on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is therefore possible individuals hiding nothing may fail the test. Furthermore, polygraph examinations are interrogations that can scare innocent people who end failing them for no apparent reason. This results into denial of justice and even employment for organizations which use this kind of selection method. Polygraph testing is essential in the law enforcement arena; the procedure can help the authorities achieve their goals in handling cases by carrying out productive interrogations. Polygraphs are accurate since subjects who believe that the device is perfect would rather confess than wait for the device to ‘detect the truth’. It is also com mon for people lying to show the same physiological behavior and vice versa. The test may therefore give desired results and help in the smooth running of law enforcement. It is argued that unless someone is a trained and experienced criminal, a polygraph test evaluation may expose him or her. He continues to argue that since an individual undergoes the test twice or less in his life, it is hard for him to lie but instead say the truth. Polygraph tests deliver facts than lies in the course of an interrogation. Provision of useful information is consequently achieved. Bar-Hillel and Ben-Shakhar assert that many people who expect to be tested would prefer saying the truth than to be embarrassed on their dishonesty (p.78). My Recommendations Polygraph testing is known to provide little basis for accuracy and should not be heavily relied on. Other supporting selection methods should be included in examinations. This would in turn yield the required results. Physiological responses analy zed by polygraphs can at times reflect the opposite of the real scenario due to many factors that may be having adverse effects on the subject. For instance, health factors control the human body. If at all an individual is sick, it is possible that there may be an interference with their body’s normal functioning. This is bound to give wrong signals during a test. Polygraphs should not be used in future since physiological responses measured by the tests are never uniquely correlated with deception. Some responses can consciously be controlled and in turn have an effect on the polygraph measures. References Bar-Hillel, M. Ben-Shakhar, G. (1986). The Prior Case against Graphology. In B. Nevo (Ed.), Scientific Aspects of Graphology (pp.76-80).Chicago: Charles C.Thomas Kozel, F.A., Padgett, T.M. George, M.S. (2004). A Replication Study of the Neural Correlates of Deception. Behavioral Neuroscience. London: Prentice Hall.Advertising We will write a custom research pape r sample on Polygraph Testing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

The Protruding and Dominant Meanings of Boss

The Protruding and Dominant Meanings of Boss The Protruding and Dominant Meanings of Boss The Protruding and Dominant Meanings of Boss By Mark Nichol Boss has two distinct meanings, and though one might seem to be able to draw a connection between them- they both refer to something that stands out among others- they have different etymological origins. The earlier, and less prevalent, meaning is â€Å"protuberance,† from a Latin word of uncertain origin by way of the Old French term boce, meaning â€Å"swelling.† The word usually pertains to the protruding central component of a shield, which helped the bearer ward off blows from an opponent. The derived verb emboss and adjective embossed, formed by the attachment of a prefix meaning â€Å"in† or â€Å"into,† refers to raised ornamentation or inscription in general. Boss also refers to the hub of a propeller, a projecting stone block in a wall or other architectural element, a similar naturally occurring feature in geology, or a pad used in some crafty endeavors such as ceramics and glassmaking. Interestingly, bocle, a variation of the Old French precursor, is also the source of buckle, both a word referring to a ring of metal (or other material) used for fastening or the act of fastening something to it and a word meaning â€Å"bend out of shape,† and buckler, the name of a small, round shield (and the resulting term swashbuckler, referring to a literary genre involving feats of derring-do; the term is perhaps inspired by the image of a buckler-wielding hero). The dominant meaning of boss, that of â€Å"supervisor,† is from the Dutch word baas, meaning â€Å"master† (and possibly originally meaning â€Å"uncle†). The term was used to refer to the person in charge of a Dutch ship. (In English, the technically correct word is master, though it has been largely supplanted by captain.) The adoption of the Dutch term into English may be influenced by the assimilation of Dutch colonies in North America into the British colonies in the 1600s, with the attendant infiltration of Dutch vocabulary into American English, but it also may reflect an effort among Americans after the Revolutionary War to distance themselves from a term used by the English, and later from one that slave owners expected their slaves to use (though some slaves addressed their owners as â€Å"boss† as well). Boss also entered the language as a slang adjective meaning â€Å"excellent.† This first occurred in the late 1800s, but it returned to use in the 1950s and again in the 1970s, in similar usage as a synonym for cool. Another adjectival form is bossy, originally from the sense of â€Å"swelling† and meaning â€Å"projecting† or â€Å"decorated with bosses† but subsequently assigned to the later meaning, referring to someone who is domineering. And although the plodding, stubborn, mooing behavior of cattle may be interpreted as being bossy, that word as an endearing proper name for a cow is unrelated; that term stems from the Latin word bos, meaning â€Å"cow,† from which beef and bovine are derived. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"10 Techniques for More Precise Writing"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?

Daubert Standard Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Daubert Standard - Assignment Example From this essay it is clear that the Daubert standard states that the evidence should be reliable in nature; this means that the testimony provided by the expert witness should be obtained through a scientific method. According to the Supreme Court, an expert’s testimony is reliable if the scientific method used is testable, can be proved as false, and can be tested to be proved right or wrong. The testimony is even considered as reliable if it has been previously reviewed or is going to be reviewed in future by peers and it has an error rate attached to it already and the testimony or the finding should be acceptable by the community of science.This study outlines that  the crime scene investigators found two different sets of paints on the victims jeans, one paint was from the wall of the victim’s house and the second paint was from an unknown source. The forensic lab decided to figure out whether both the paints were from the same source or not. They developed a hy pothesis stating that both paints were from different sources and then they developed a null hypothesis stating that both the paints were from similar source.  The lab conducted various scientific tests to validate their hypothesis and prove that the paints were from different sources. The tests proved that the paints actually were from two different sources and the paints are not same. This test could have even proved the other way around that the paints were from the same source if other scientifically validity tests were used.

Leonhard Euler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leonhard Euler - Essay Example Nevertheless, aided by his phenomenal memory he continued to publish his results by dictating them† (Weisstein) .This paper briefly explains the life and contributions of Leonhard Euler Euler was born on 15 April 1707 in Basel, Switzerland and died on 18 September 1783 at St. Pietersburg in Russia. During his life span he has rewritten or modified some of the established principles in Mathematics and Physics. Euler started his formal education in Basel, and at the age of thirteen he enrolled at the University of Basel. He got his Master degree in Philosophy in 1723 for his comparative study of the philosophies of Descartes and Newton. Even at the time of attending his Master degree classes, he got part time lessons from famous Physicist of that time Johann Bernoulli. In fact Bernoulli was instrumental in shaping the prowess of Euler. Even though, Euler was interested in studying theology at this point of time, Bernoulli convinced his father and prepared the way for converting Euler as a great scientist as we know (OConnor and Robertson). â€Å"Eulers health problems began in 1735 when he had a severe fever and almost lost his life. However, he kept this news from his parents and members of the Bernoulli family back in Basel until he had recovered† (OConnor and Robertson). Euler left Basel and arrived in St Petersburg on 17 May 1727. He joined the St Petersburg academy of science which helped him immensely in polishing his ideas in Physics and Mathematics. On 7 January 1734, Euler married Katharina Gsell. He had 13 children even though only five of them survived the childhood. Euler spent most of his adult life in Russia and Germany. He arrived in Berlin in 1741. He spent around 25 years in Berlin and wrote around 380 scientific articles during his stay at Berlin. Many books written on calculus, planetary orbits, motion of moon, etc during this period. Even though, Euler has contributed immensely to the development of the Berlin academy, he forced to

3 Types of Love in Romeo Annd Juliet Essay Example for Free

3 Types of Love in Romeo Annd Juliet Essay Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, a play of two young lovers from opposing families is mainly based on the theme of love and hate. Love is presented right from the start and perhaps the most obvious subject is different kinds of love that involved in this play. Shakespeare used the characters and imagery to portray courtly love, dutiful love and romantic love. Shakespeare used the relationship of Romeo and Rosaline, Paris and Juliet to present courtly love. Romeo is terribly in love with Rosaline but the love is not returned which turns out Romeo unrequited love to Rosaline. Shut up his windows, lock fair daylight out and makes himself an artificial night. (l, i, 134-135) The imagery made a depressed atmosphere, Shakespeare created a difference between light and dark, also portrayed the miserable and sorrowful feeling of Romeo. Same as Romeo, Paris loved Juliet very much. So will ye, I am sure, that you love me. (V, i, 26) Paris is accepted by Capulet and glad to marry Juliet but he doesnt know that Juliet is married to Romeo secretly by Friar Lawrence. Dutiful love is a major love that Shakespeare have presented throughout the play, specially in the Capulet family. Ill look to like, if looking liking move, but no more deep will I endart mine eye than you consent gives strength to make it fly. (l, iii, 99-101) Juliet have always been faithful and dutiful to her parents but became independent after meeting Romeo. Not proud you have, but thankful that you have. Proud can I never be of what I hate, But thankful even for hate that is meant love. (Ill, iii ii, 146-148) Shakespeare have presented dutiful love from Juliets words and sayings, he also contrasted the change of Juliets love to her parents before and after meeting Romeo. Parental love is a kind of dutiful love shown in Romeo and Juliet. Capulet and Lady Capulet wants their daughter to marry Paris Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn the gallant. young and noble gentleman, the county Paris, at Saint Peters Church, shall happily make thee there Joyful bride. (Ill, iiiii, 112-115) The loving parents arranged the marriage to lift out sorrow and to decide the best for Juliet, but unfortunately their love is not what Juliet expected. Shakespeare also used the presented love in the characters speeches. Shakespeare wrote romantic love in several levels. Shakespeare sets the lovers in to opposing families, therefore, the couple feels that things will go unsatisfactorily for them. Then true love of Romeo and Juliet then increased by the feud where Shakespeare included Tybalt to compared dutiful love and romantic love. In the end, Romeo and Juliet killed themselves due to the strong love they both felt for each other. From fatal the fatal loins of these two foes a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life (Chorus, prologue, 5-6) Shakespeare portrayed the two lovers as stars and also beauty and love of Juliet as sun It is the East, and Juliet is the sun! Arise, fair